The Unknown God

 Paul is trying so hard to be clever, up there on what the Romans called Mars Hill. This was a location dedicated to Ares or Mars, the god of war. Paul has a learnรจd audience to try and get through to. The guys in the Areopagus meeting were some of the most respected philosophers in Athens. They were defenders of the status quo, which in this case meant polytheism. But they were also curious about this stranger who was talking about ideas that were new to them. Athenians, according to verse 21, were always interested in discussing the latest ideas.

Paul thought he had a great angle to argue from. He had seen an altar, among the city’s many altars and shrines to Greek and Roman gods and goddesses, one dedicated to an Unknown God. Hey, he said, I know who that God is. That God isn’t unknown at all. Let me tell you about the Creator of the Universe, who is not like any of your usual gods, who can’t live in an image made by human hands and doesn’t need temples or sacrifices.

It strikes me that this is an odd thing for a former Pharisee to say, that the One God doesn’t live in a temple and doesn’t care about sacrifices. It shows how thoroughly Paul has changed his outlook on the Divine, how he now understands that God is everywhere and in everyone.

The God portrayed in the Psalm looks a bit like the gods the Athenians were familiar with.

12 I will enter your house with burnt-offerings
and will pay you my vows, *
which I promised with my lips
and spoke with my mouth when I was in trouble.

13 I will offer you sacrifices of fat beasts
with the smoke of rams; *
I will give you oxen and goats.

14 Come and listen, all you who fear God, *

In return for offerings, God answers the Psalmist’s prayer. It’s kind of transactional. That was the relationship the Greeks and Romans had with their gods, one of dealmaking and appeasement. Their gods were capricious and held grudges and were, on the whole, more to be feared than loved. The Psalmist doesn’t seem to know God all that intimately, compared to the knowledge we believe we have after the revelations Jesus brought when he said if you’ve seen me, you’ve seen the Father.

I think Paul might have lost his audience when he got to the bit about God having “overlooked such ignorance” as the worship of multiple gods. These were not people who would take kindly to being called ignorant. They were highly educated seekers of wisdom. And this singular, unknown God wants them to repent of their supposed ignorance? Then there was the part about judgment. Ouch. As for “the man appointed” rising from the dead, that wouldn’t impress people whose gods were constantly interfering in human affairs. Paul said, “We are his offspring.” As if that were a new idea. The Greek gods were always having offspring with mortals, but those children were demigods and could do stuff regular humans couldn’t, or else they were monsters like the Minotaur.

Some of the Athenians laughed at him. Others condescendingly assured him they would enjoy hearing more of these crazy ideas later. That’s when Paul walked out. Amazingly, a few of those listening did become Paul’s followers and come to believe in the risen Christ. A few of them came to see that Christ is a far better Lord than Zeus or Ares, Jupiter or Mars.

In the reading from John, Jesus tells his friends, “In a little while the world will no longer see me, but you will see me…you will know that I am in my Father, and you in me, and I in you. And “This is the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him.” Paul’s Athenians sort of represent the world here. They—people in general—tend to be blind to what differs from their fixed ideas.

The author of 1 Peter makes a reference to our baptism, which he calls “an appeal to God for a good conscience.” When we’re baptized in this tradition, we promise to seek and serve Christ in ALL persons and to respect the dignity of EVERY human being. That is the life we emerge into from the water. That is the good conscience.

I was baptized by immersion (in a swimming pool, as it happens), so I have a clear memory of coming up out of the water and being told that dunking made me someone new, although by their definition I was already “born again” from having asked Jesus into my heart at age 4.

I don’t recall that the preacher used any of the words in our baptismal covenant, but I had an instinct about what kind of person I was supposed to become, one who lived by what was then my favorite hymn, “We Are One In the Spirit.” It says we will “guard each one’s dignity and save each one’s pride.”

In Florida in 1969, I saw this as applying especially to my neighbors of color and did my best to treat the Black students at my school with the respect the wider society still wasn’t granting them. I’m not sure it was very effective. They regarded me with suspicion and confusion because I was a white Yankee and talked funny. I was also probably autistic, but no one knew it then. Or maybe the real problem is that I saw myself as trying to do the Black kids a favor. Maybe they saw through my polite condescension.

That’s the real knowledge Jesus is imparting, that we find him in people. As my old college friend Dr. Peter Carlson put it, “When I keep the commandments [to love god and neighbor], I see G-d. I see G-d in the people on the edges—the edgy folx—and when I see G-d in people, I am with them. And when I am with them, I am in Jesus, who taught us to see them.”

Paul was telling the Athenians where not to look for the Divine—not in golden shrines and statuary, at any rate. What he doesn’t quite manage to say and what Jesus does say, is that we can know the Unknown God by knowing Jesus. Do we really know Jesus, though? Don’t most of us mainly know ABOUT Jesus? And so much of what we think we know may be wrong. Then there’s the Holy Spirit—"as near as our next breath and yet untouchable.” We think we know the Trinity. Well, we think we know about the Trinity, especially those of us who have managed to read through the Creed of Athanasius. The best we can do to really know the Unknown God is to look at Jesus and look at each other.

God is finally unknowable because everyone is finally unknowable, but we can come closer to knowing God by getting to know other people, especially those on the fringes whom he repeatedly pulls for. The immigrants. The addicted. The queer. It’s easy to see our ministry to these groups merely as us doing something for them. Like we’re somehow above them. Like the way the Athenian philosophers thought they were doing Paul a favor by letting him talk nonsense to them. But the unknown triune God is not just within us, They’re within those we reach out to. Until we can see Christ the Lord in all persons, we’re only halfway there, no matter how much compassion we offer. That’s how we respect the dignity of every human being. By perceiving that they are all noble and lordly and are reflections of the Divine, just as they were each crafted by our Unknown God, in whom we ALL live and move and have our being.

Much inspiration from Peter Carlson, ed., A Queer Lectionary: (Im)proper Readings From the Margins--Year A, Seabury Books 2025

https://www.amazon.com/Queer-Lectionary-proper-Readings-Margins/dp/1640657959


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